CHAPTER II
THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
A. The Meaning of Test
One of the evaluation instruments is a test. There are many meanings of the test. M. Buchari as quoted from Suharsimi Arikunto said that .Test is a trial which is held to know some results from a certain subject which is taken from a student or a group of students.By testing teacher can know the ability of learning that students have.
According to Anthony J Nitko, Test is .Systematic procedure for observing and describing one or more characteristics of person with the aid of either a numerical of category system.Groundlund defined, .the evaluation is a systematic process of determining the extent to which instructional objectives are achieved by a student.
By testing, teacher can know the ability of learning that students have. Mochtar Buchari said that .Test is a trial which is held to know some results from a certain subject which is taken from a student or a group of students
B. Types of test
There are many types of test used to measure students achievement. There are four types of achievement test which are commonly used by teachers in the classroom:
1. Placement test
A placement test is designed to determine the pupils. performance at the beginning of instruction.
2. Formative test
It is used at the end of a unit in the course book or after a lesson designed. The result of this test will also give the students immediate feed back.
3. Diagnostic test
Diagnosric test is intended to diagnose learning difficulties during instruction. Thus, the main aim of diagnostic test is to determine the causes of learning difficulties and then to formulate a plan for a remedial
